Analysis of a Compact UWB Antenna with Integrated Band-Notched Feature for Wireless Body Area Network Applications

Sammy O. Oladiran; Kazeem B. Adedeji

doi:10.65819/tes.2026.v5i1.57

Authors

Sammy O. Oladiran Department of Information and Communication Technology, School of Electrical Systems Engineering, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
Kazeem B. Adedeji Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, School of Electrical Systems Engineering, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.65819/tes.2026.v5i1.57

Keywords:

Antenna, Frequency notch, Specific absorption rate, UWB, WBAN

Abstract

This paper presents an analysis of a compact band-notched ultra-wideband antenna intended for Wireless Body Area Network applications. The antenna operates between 3.4 GHz and 12.9 GHz with notched frequency using H and U slots on the patch and feedline for notching 6.5 GHz – 7.9 GHz band. By employing a genetic algorithm, the antenna dimensions were refined to obtain a compact semi-circular configuration with overall dimensions of 26 mm × 27 mm and a 12 mm radius. A reduction in the specific absorption rate was achieved by integrating a defected ground structure along with rectangular slots into the antenna design. The antenna performance was assessed using several key antenna parameters. According to the simulation outcomes, the antenna achieves a return loss below −10 dB from 3.4 GHz to 12.9 GHz and provides an average gain of 6.4 dBi. Also, the developed antenna showed a significant improvement in SAR reduction to a level of 0.8 W/kg averaged over one gram of tissue, which is within the safe limits of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for low-power devices and therefore suitable for WBAN applications. In addition, the antenna demonstrates effective impedance matching. The average Poynting value of 4.09 W/m2, which is evenly distributed over the patch and the feedline of the antenna, revealed a uniform radiated power density of the antenna. This value is 29.5% less than the safe limit announced by the FCC.

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