Open Access Policy

Transactions on Electromagnetic Spectrum (TES Journal) is a fully open-access journal and provides immediate and unrestricted access to all of its published content. All articles are freely available to readers worldwide without registration, subscription, or payment.

Readers, researchers, practitioners, and the general public may access, read, download, copy, distribute, search, and share the full texts of articles directly from the journal website, provided that the use is non-commercial and the original work is properly cited.

No subscription fees, pay-per-view charges, or access barriers are applied at any stage of publication or post-publication access.

TES Journal follows the principles of the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) and publishes all articles under the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License, (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits broad dissemination of research while protecting authors’ rights.